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Emerald-class cruiser
The ''Emerald'' class or E class was a class of two light cruisers built for the Royal Navy. Following the ''Cavendish'' class, three ships of a new class were ordered in March 1918, towards the end of World War I, designed to emphasise high speed at the cost of other qualities, for use against rumoured new high speed German cruisers - like the - and particularly minelayers, in the North Sea. However, the third ship was cancelled in November 1918.
==Design==
The E class were based on the preceding , but had a very high ratio of length to beam and only one more gun, despite being much bigger and more expensive. Much was sacrificed to achieve , the horsepower was doubled and the hull increased by in length, with a 50% increase in displacement. Only two ships were built, and completed in 1926. Four propellers were necessary for the increased power and were driven from two engine rooms. There were four boiler rooms, nos. 2 and 3 being arranged side-by-side with the exhausts trunked into a common funnel. The magazines were between boiler rooms nos. 2 and 3 and the forward engine room, and between boiler room no. 4 and the after engine room. This led to a bizarre funnel arrangement, accentuated further when in 1935 a longer catapult required the mainmast to be stepped forward of the after funnel, and the funnels were heightened by .
In the early 1930s was fitted with a prototype twin turret in place of her two forward single mounts; and with trials of the turret proving successful it was retained on ''Enterprise'' for the rest of her career. The turret design was later installed in the , ''Amphion'' and classes. The turret installation occupied less space than the superimposed 'A' and 'B' guns of , therefore the bridge was placed further forward. The bridge was of a new design, being a single block topped by a director tower, rather than the traditional platforms built around the foremast and wheelhouse topped with a spotting top. This design of bridge would appear in the s.
Notwithstanding their age and outlandish appearance these two ships were still the fastest cruisers in the Royal Navy at the outbreak of World War II, ''Emerald'' exceeding in a full-power trial at full load in 1939. Both cruisers also carried the heaviest torpedo armament of any Royal Navy cruiser - four quadruple mounts. These cruisers had a long range, unlike the and ''Danae''-class cruisers, making them valuable for patrolling the sea lanes against Axis merchant raiders. They were also large enough that they could accommodate significant additions to their anti-aircraft armament as well as modern radar suites.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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